![]() However, it was generally assumed that mRNA is just not stable enough to give rise to sufficient expression of the encoded protein. The advantages of using mRNA compared to DNA were recognized very early on, e.g., the lack of risk for genomic integration, or the expression of the encoded protein in the cytoplasm without the need to cross the nuclear membrane. This holds true not only for numerous preclinical studies, but mRNA has also entered the clinic to fight cancer. In recent years, the interest in using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapeutic means to tackle different diseases has enormously increased. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of mRNA-based drug technologies and their applications, and discusses the key challenges and opportunities in developing these into a new class of drugs. Meanwhile, emerging novel approaches include in vivo delivery of IVT mRNA to replace or supplement proteins, IVT mRNA-based generation of pluripotent stem cells and genome engineering using IVT mRNA-encoded designer nucleases. mRNA-based cancer immunotherapies and infectious disease vaccines have entered clinical development. Advances in addressing the inherent challenges of this drug class, particularly related to controlling the translational efficacy and immunogenicity of the IVTmRNA, provide the basis for a broad range of potential applications. Such synthetic mRNA can be engineered to transiently express proteins by structurally resembling natural mRNA. In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has recently come into focus as a potential new drug class to deliver genetic information. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of m⁶A modification and the therapeutic potentials of its associated regulatory proteins in Glioblastoma and Esophageal cancer. There have been recent studies in the roles m⁶A modification and the involved proteins play in initiation, progression, self-renewal, and prognosis of fatal cancers such as esophageal cancer and glioblastoma, which have a poor prognosis. Methylation and demethylation are dependent on a class of RNA-binding proteins (readers) that bind as well as determine the endpoint of the RNA metabolism. ![]() However, the methylation process can be reversed selectively through demethylation by a group of demethylase enzymes (DMT), which serves as erasers. The chemical modification process involved in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is methylation, and it makes use of proteins such as the methyl-transferase complex (METC), which serve as the writer. However, the leading mRNA modification is the N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) and it is critical to cellular activity, having been shown to regulate RNA stability, splicing, translocation, and translation. Amongst these is the chemical modification of RNA which consists of over 100 types of RNA modifications. ![]() ![]() Over the years, there have been studies on the significant impact of epigenetic activities that impact the downstream effect of gene expression. ![]()
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